Statement of purpose or personal statement
Taught degreeUsually course-specific: preparation, motivation, fit and goals.
Research degreeOften needs a sharper research rationale and departmental fit.
Academic transcripts
Taught degreeShows degree content, performance and prerequisites.
Research degreeHelps establish subject depth and research preparation.
References
Taught degreeOften academic or professional, depending on course and recency.
Research degreeUsually strongest when referees can assess research potential.
CV or résumé
Taught degreeMay connect study, work, leadership and technical experience.
Research degreeCan evidence methods, publications, conferences or projects.
Research proposal
Taught degreeCourse-dependent; often not required.
Research degreeFrequently central, but length and format vary by program.
Written work or portfolio
Taught degreeRequired for some humanities, creative and professional courses.
Research degreeMay be used to judge argument, methods and academic writing.